ABSTRACT
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a high incidence of cervical micrometastases and sometimes metastasizes contralaterally because of the rich lymphatic intercommunications relative to submucosal plexus of oral cavity that freely communicate across the midline, and it can facilitate the spread of neoplastic cells to any area of the neck consequently. Clinical and histopathologic factors continue to provide predictive information to contralateral neck metastases (CLNM) in OSCC, which determine prophylactic and adjuvant treatments for an individual patient. This review describes the predictive value of clinical-histopathologic factors, which relate to primary tumor and cervical lymph nodes, and surgical dissection and adjuvant treatments. In addition, the indications for elective contralateral neck dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) and strategies for follow-up are offered, which is strongly focused by clinicians to prevent later CLNM and poor prognosis subsequently.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Mouth Floor , Pathology , Mouth Neoplasms , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Neck , Pathology , Neck Dissection , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Radiotherapy, AdjuvantABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of CYR61 and VEGF in extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma and its significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CYR61 mRNA and VEGF mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method in 20 cases of extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma. Expressions of CYR61 and VEGF were studied by immunohistochemistry in 40 cases of the tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Over-expression of CYR61 mRNA and VEGF mRNA was found in 19/20(95.0% ) and 15/20(75.0% ) cases, respectively. (2)Tumor cells expressing CYR61 protein and VEGF protein were detected in 38(95.0% ) and 25 (62. 5% ) of the 40 cases respectively, being no significant difference from the control. Co-expression of CYR61 and VEGF at both the mRNA and protein levels was 95.0% and 65.0% , respectively. Over-expression of CYR61 and VEGF at both mRNA and protein levels was found in 8 of the 40 cases. (3) The prognosis of the patients over-expressing CYR61 and VEGF was worse.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma, the expression level of CYR61 and VEGF was changed and it may be of prognostic implication of</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 , Immediate-Early Proteins , Genetics , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Genetics , Killer Cells, Natural , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Nose Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the status of cell differentiation in nasal NK/T cell lymphomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 88 cases of NK/T cell lymphomas were collected. Antibodies to the following antigens were used in the immunohistochemical study: T cell differentiation antigens (CD3epsilon, CD5 and CD1a); NK cell associated antigens (CD56, CD57) and antibodies of CD34 and CD38.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Clinicopathology: clinically, frequently involved sites were the nasal cavity and the pharynx. Ulceration and erosion of the mucosa were common signs. Pathologically, diffuse infiltration of the tumor cells was observed in 68 of 88 (70.45%) cases of nasal NK/T cell lymphomas. In 71 (80.68%) cases infiltrated cells were predominantly medium to large sized; (2) Differentiation status of tumor cells: the tumor cells expressed CD3epsilon in 78/88 (88.64%); CD5 in 56/88 (63.63%), CD56 in 25/88 (28.41%) and no positivity for CD1a, CD57, CD34 and CD38.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Status of tumor cell differentiation in nasal NK/T cell lymphoma may have passed the stage of progenitor cell differentiation but not yet to the stage of mature T or NK cells.</p>